说明：系统镜像：RHEL5.1-Server-20071017.0-i386-DVD.iso 1、vsftpd安装 [root@linux01 ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom [root@linux01 ~]# mount -o rw /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom # 挂载镜像 mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@linux01 ~]# cd /media/cdrom/Server # 进入软件包目录 [root@linux01 Server]# [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -qa | grep ^vsftpd # 查询相关已经安装的软件包 [root@linux01 Server]# ls | grep vsftpd* # 查询当前路径下安装包 vsftpd-2.0.5-12.el5.i386.rpm [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.0.5-10.el5.i386.rpm # 安装软件包 i安装 v输出详细信息 h进度 warning: vsftpd-2.0.5-10.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:vsftpd ########################################### [100%] [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -qa | grep ^vsftpd # 再次查询相关已经安装的软件包 vsftpd-2.0.5-12.el5 [root@linux01 Server]#cd [root@linux01 ~]# rpm -ql vsftpd | grep etc # 查询etc中与vsftpd相关的文件 /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/user_list /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh [root@linux01 ~]# 2、、/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件配置 [root@linux01 Server]# cat /etc/vsftp/vsftpd.conf # 读取原文，默认配置 cat: /etc/vsftp/vsftpd.conf: No such file or directory [root@linux01 Server]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # 允许匿名登录 # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # 允许本地帐户登录 # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # 开放对本地用户的写权限 # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # 本地用户的文件生成掩码 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # 显示目录下的.message # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # 启用上传和下载日志 # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # 启用FTP数据端口 # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format xferlog_std_format=YES # 使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志格式 # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=YES # FTP服务器处于独立启动模式（相对于受xinnetd管理的启动模式） # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd # PAM认证服务的配置文件名称，/etc/pam.d/vsftpd userlist_enable=YES # FTP将检查userlist_file(/etc/vsftpd/user_list)中用户是否可以访问FTP服务器 tcp_wrappers=YES # 使用tcp_wrappers作为主机访问控制方式，/etc/host.allow和/etc/hosts.deny。 [root@linux01 Server]# 3、/etc/vsftpd.user_list文件配置 [root@linux01 ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd root@linux01 vsftpd]# ls ftpusers user_list vsftpd.conf vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh [root@linux01 vsftpd]# cat user_list # vsftpd userlist # If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file # If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and # do not even prompt for a password. # Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers # for users that are denied. root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail news uucp operator games nobody [root@linux01 vsftpd]# (当vsftp.conf配置文件中包括以下配置时，user_list中用户帐号禁止登录配置： userlist_enable=YES # 注意大小写 userlist_deny=YES 当vsftp.conf配置文件中包括以下配置时，只有user_list中用户帐号允许登录配置：注意考虑ftpusers文件用户 userlist_enable=YES # 注意大小写 userlist_deny=NO ) [root@linux01 vsftpd]# cat ftpusers # Users that are not allowed to login via ftp root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail news uucp operator games nobody [root@linux01 vsftpd]# 4、匿名用户登录目录 匿名用户将进入/var/ftp目录 5、vsftpd服务启动与关闭 root@linux01 vsftpd]# ls -l /etc/init.d/vsftpd # vsftpd启动脚本文件 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1778 Dec 13 2007 /etc/init.d/vsftpd [root@linux01 vsftpd]# [root@linux01 vsftpd]# chkconfig --list vsftpd # 查看 vsftpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off [root@linux01 vsftpd]# chkconfig --level 35 vsftpd on # 设置在35模式下随机启动 [root@linux01 vsftpd]# chkconfig --list vsftpd # 检查查看 vsftpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:on 6:off [root@linux01 vsftpd]# [root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd start # 启用服务 Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ] [root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd stop # 停止服务 Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ] [root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart # 重启服务 Shutting down vsftpd: [FAILED] Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ] [root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd status # 查看服务状态 vsftpd (pid 13071) is running... [root@linux01 vsftpd]# 6、测试帐号登录 [root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2 ftp: connect: No route to host # 防火墙阻止登录 ftp>bye # 退出ftp [root@linux01 vsftpd]# service iptables stop # 在服务器上关闭防火墙，在客户端上也要关闭防火墙 Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: nat filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] [root@linux01 vsftpd]# 匿名帐号登录（可以登录） [root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2 #在客户端上登录ftp服务器 Connected to 192.168.7.2. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 530 Please login with USER and PASS. 530 Please login with USER and PASS. KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type Name (192.168.7.2:root): anonymous # 使用匿名帐号登录 331 Please specify the password. Password: # 密码为空 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> dir 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,7,2,159,53) 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Dec 13 2007 pub 226 Directory send OK. ftp> pwd 257 "/" ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. [root@redhatCLI ~]# 服务器本地帐号登录（默认不能登录） [root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2 Connected to 192.168.7.2. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 530 Please login with USER and PASS. 530 Please login with USER and PASS. KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type Name (192.168.7.2:root): test01 331 Please specify the password. Password: 500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/home/test01 # 其他帐号同样不能登录，与user_list、vsftdpd.conf等无关 Login failed. ftp> bye 服务器本地帐号不能登录的修复处理 root@linux01 vsftpd]# setsebool ftpd_disable_trans 1 # 服务器本地帐号不能登录的修复处理， # disable SELinux protection of the ftp daemon # 有什么不会的后果就不知了。 [root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart # 重启服务 Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ] Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ] [root@linux01 vsftpd]# [root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2 # 服务器本地帐号登录 Connected to 192.168.7.2. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 530 Please login with USER and PASS. 530 Please login with USER and PASS. KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type Name (192.168.7.2:root): test01 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> dir 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,7,2,43,10) 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Directory send OK. ftp> pwd 257 "/home/test01" ftp> cd / # 进入根目录 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> pwd 257 "/" # 不安全啊 ftp> cd /home # 可以进入/home目录 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> pwd 257 "/home ftp> mkdir 123 550 Create directory operation failed. ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. [root@redhatCLI ~]# 7、禁锢登录用只在宿主目录中 [root@linux01 vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # …………………………….. pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES chroot_local_user=YES # 添加此行，来禁锢登录用只在宿主目录中 "vsftpd.conf" 117L, 4419C written [root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart # 重启服务 Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ] Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ] [root@linux01 vsftpd]# 测试 [root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2 Connected to 192.168.7.2. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 530 Please login with USER and PASS. 530 Please login with USER and PASS. KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type Name (192.168.7.2:root): test01 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> pwd 257 "/" ftp> cd /home # 不能使用cd进入非根目录了 550 Failed to change directory. ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. [root@redhatCLI ~]# 8、配置FTP服务器的虚拟用户（虚拟帐号对系统更安全） （1）建立虚拟用户口令库文件 [root@linux01 ~]# touch /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt [root@linux01 ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt mike # 奇数行为用户名 pwabc # 偶数行为密码 john pw1234 ~ ~ "/etc/vsftpd/logins.txt" 4L, 23C written [root@linux01 ~]# cat /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt mike pwabc john pw1234 [root@linux01 ~]# （2）生成vsftpd的认证文件 root@linux01 Server]# db # db + 两次空格键 dbconverter-2 dbus-cleanup-sockets dbus-launch dbus-send dbus-binding-tool dbus-daemon dbus-monitor dbus-uuidgen [root@linux01 Server] # 可以看出没有db-_load命令，默认系统没有安装时，要手工安装了 [root@linux01 Server]# ls | grep ^db # 挂载好光驱后，进入到rpm包文件目录，查看db有关软件包 db4-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm db4-devel-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm db4-java-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm db4-tcl-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm db4-utils-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm dbus-1.0.0-7.el5.i386.rpm dbus-devel-1.0.0-7.el5.i386.rpm dbus-glib-0.70-5.i386.rpm dbus-glib-devel-0.70-5.i386.rpm dbus-python-0.70-7.el5.i386.rpm dbus-x11-1.0.0-7.el5.i386.rpm [root@linux01 Server]# [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-devel-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-java-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-tcl-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh db4-utils-4.3.29-9.fc6.i386.rpm # 之后实验好像装他就可以了 [root@linux01 Server]# rpm -ivh dbus-1.0.0-7.el5.i386.rpm # 不知db_load是db4的哪个软件包，所以都安装了。 [root@linux01 Server]# db # db + 两次空格键。嗨，有了，出来了吧。 db_archive db_dump185 db_upgrade dbus-monitor db_checkpoint db_load dbus-binding-tool dbus-send dbconverter-2 db_printlog dbus-cleanup-sockets dbus-uuidgen db_deadlock db_recover dbus-daemon db_verify db_dump db_stat dbus-launch [root@linux01 Server]# cd root@linux01 ~]# db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/logins.txt /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db # 生成vsftpd的认证文件 [root@linux01 ~]# file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db # 查看文件类型 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db: Berkeley DB (Hash, version 8, native byte-order) [root@linux01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db # 设置文件只对root读写 [root@linux01 ~]# ls -l /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db -rw------- 1 root root 12288 Jun 1 20:30 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login.db [root@linux01 ~]# （3）建立虚拟用户所需的PAM配置文件 [root@linux01 ~]# touch /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu # 新建文件 [root@linux01 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu # 编辑 auth required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login account required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login ~ ~ "/etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu" 2L, 141C written [root@linux01 ~]# cat /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu # 查验 auth required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login account required /lib/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_login [root@linux01 ~]# （4）建立虚拟用户及要访问的目录并设置权限 [root@linux01 ~]# useradd -d /home/ftpsite virtual # 建立虚拟用户所需的目录及系统帐号 [root@linux01 ~]# chmod 700 /home/ftpsite/ # 设置宿主目录的权限 [root@linux01 ~]# ls -l /home/ total 16 drwx------ 3 virtual virtual 4096 Jun 1 20:39 ftpsite # 刚健的虚拟宿主目录，为所有虚拟用户使用 drwx------ 3 test01 test01 4096 Jun 1 18:58 test01 # 之前的本地用户test01宿主目录 [root@linux01 ~]# （5）设置vsftpd.conf配置文件 [root@linux01 vsftpd]# cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf_bake # 首先进入/etc/vsftpd目录，然后备份，以防有问题 [root@linux01 vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # ……………………………….. guest_enable=YES # 添加的内容 guest_username=virtual # 添加的内容 pam_service_name=vsftpd.vu # 添加的内容 "vsftpd.conf" 120L, 4484C written [root@linux01 vsftpd]# （6）重启vsftpd服务 root@linux01 vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart Shutting down vsftpd: [ OK ] Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ] [root@linux01 vsftpd]# （7）测试虚拟用户帐号 （注意：虚拟帐号和本地用户帐号默认不可同时生效） root@linux01 vsftpd]# touch /home/ftpsite/afile # 建立也测试文件 [root@linux01 vsftpd]# chown virtual.virtual /home/ftpsite/afile # 赋予权限 [root@linux01 vsftpd]# ls -l /home/ftpsite total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 virtual virtual 0 Jun 1 20:53 afile [root@linux01 vsftpd]# [root@redhatCLI ~]# ftp 192.168.7.2 Connected to 192.168.7.2. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5) 530 Please login with USER and PASS. 530 Please login with USER and PASS. KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type Name (192.168.7.2:root): mike 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> dir 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,7,2,246,249) 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Transfer done (but failed to open directory). ftp>bye 9、典型FTP服务器设置 [root@linux01 Server]# cat /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf anonymous_enable=YES # 允许匿名登录 local_enable=YES # 允许本地帐户登录 . write_enable=YES # 开放对本地用户的写权限 local_umask=022 # 本地用户的文件生成掩码 #anon_upload_enable=YES # 匿名用户是否可以上传文件默认注释掉了 #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # 匿名用户是否创建目录，默认注释掉了 dirmessage_enable=YES # 显示目录下的.message xferlog_enable=YES # 启用上传和下载日志 connect_from_port_20=YES # 启用FTP数据端口 #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log xferlog_std_format=YES # 使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志格式 #idle_session_timeout=600 #data_connection_timeout=120 #nopriv_user=ftpsecure #async_abor_enable=YES #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES #deny_email_enable=YES #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails #chroot_list_enable=YES #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list #ls_recurse_enable=YES listen=YES # FTP服务器处于独立启动模式（相对于受xinnetd管理的启动模式） #listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd # PAM认证服务的配置文件名称，/etc/pam.d/vsftpd userlist_enable=YES # FTP将检查userlist_file(/etc/vsftpd/user_list)中用户是否可以访问FTP服务器 tcp_wrappers=YES # 使用tcp_wrappers作为主机访问控制方式，/etc/host.allow和/etc/hosts.deny。 chroot_list_enable=YES # 禁锢用户在宿主目录中 max_clients=100 # 限制客户端的最大连接数 max_per_ip=5 # 同一ip与FTP服务器连接的最大连接数 local_max_rate=500000 # 本地用户传输最大为500KB/s anon_max_rate=200000 # 匿名用户传输最大为200KB/s [root@linux01 Server]# ftp密码用户登录方式 ftp://username:password@host:port可以以username为用户名,password为密码从端口port登录到host

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